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Estimation of Near-Real-Time Outgoing Longwave Radiation from Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) Radiance Measurementsand Arkin 1992 ; Chiodi and Harrison 2010 ; Xie and Arkin 1996 ). The trends of OLR have been used to study climate feedbacks and processes (e.g., Chu and Wang 1997 ; Susskind et al. 2012 ). Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) ( Wielicki et al. 1996 ) was designed to extend the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) data record of TOA longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) fluxes. Since the infrared (IR) radiance measured in space by radiometers and spectrometers is part of the
and Arkin 1992 ; Chiodi and Harrison 2010 ; Xie and Arkin 1996 ). The trends of OLR have been used to study climate feedbacks and processes (e.g., Chu and Wang 1997 ; Susskind et al. 2012 ). Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) ( Wielicki et al. 1996 ) was designed to extend the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) data record of TOA longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) fluxes. Since the infrared (IR) radiance measured in space by radiometers and spectrometers is part of the
The 2016 CEOS Infrared Radiometer Comparison: Part II: Laboratory Comparison of Radiation Thermometersthe radiation temperature scales of the PTB and the NPL in the temperature range from −57 °C to 50 °C . Meas. Sci. Technol. , 24 , 065002 , https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/24/6/065002 . 10.1088/0957-0233/24/6/065002 Legrand , M. , C. Pietras , G. Brogniez , M. Haeffelin , N. K. Abuhassan , and M. Sicard , 2000 : A high-accuracy multiwavelength radiometer for in situ measurements in the thermal infrared. Part I: Characterization of the instrument . J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol
the radiation temperature scales of the PTB and the NPL in the temperature range from −57 °C to 50 °C . Meas. Sci. Technol. , 24 , 065002 , https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/24/6/065002 . 10.1088/0957-0233/24/6/065002 Legrand , M. , C. Pietras , G. Brogniez , M. Haeffelin , N. K. Abuhassan , and M. Sicard , 2000 : A high-accuracy multiwavelength radiometer for in situ measurements in the thermal infrared. Part I: Characterization of the instrument . J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol
1. Introduction Infrared radiation (IR) is a physical process that plays a prominent role in atmospheric physics—especially through interaction with clouds. It is the most important physical phenomenon that drives radiation fog formation ( Davis 1994 ). To study atmospheric radiation, the question arises whether to adopt a 1D, 2D, or 3D approach to compute radiative transfer (RT). Many sophisticated treatments of the radiative transfer equation (RTE)—Monte Carlo method (MCM) ( Fleck 1961 ) for
1. Introduction Infrared radiation (IR) is a physical process that plays a prominent role in atmospheric physics—especially through interaction with clouds. It is the most important physical phenomenon that drives radiation fog formation ( Davis 1994 ). To study atmospheric radiation, the question arises whether to adopt a 1D, 2D, or 3D approach to compute radiative transfer (RT). Many sophisticated treatments of the radiative transfer equation (RTE)—Monte Carlo method (MCM) ( Fleck 1961 ) for
091iD03p04047 Chou , M.-D. , and K.-T. Lee , 2005 : A parameterization of the effective layer emission for infrared radiation calculations . J. Atmos. Sci. , 62 , 531 – 541 , https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-3379.1 . 10.1175/JAS-3379.1 Chou , M.-D. , M. J. Suarez , C. H. Ho , M. M. H. Yan , and K. T. Lee , 1998 : Parameterizations for cloud overlapping and shortwave single-scattering properties for use in general circulation and cloud ensemble models . J. Climate , 11 , 202
091iD03p04047 Chou , M.-D. , and K.-T. Lee , 2005 : A parameterization of the effective layer emission for infrared radiation calculations . J. Atmos. Sci. , 62 , 531 – 541 , https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-3379.1 . 10.1175/JAS-3379.1 Chou , M.-D. , M. J. Suarez , C. H. Ho , M. M. H. Yan , and K. T. Lee , 1998 : Parameterizations for cloud overlapping and shortwave single-scattering properties for use in general circulation and cloud ensemble models . J. Climate , 11 , 202
1. Introduction The High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) instruments on board National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites have sampled the earth’s atmosphere and surface since late 1978. HIRS is a cross-track scanning radiometer that measures brightness temperatures (radiances) in 19 infrared channels, with one additional channel in the visible. It was originally developed for weather forecasting, providing information on atmospheric temperature
1. Introduction The High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) instruments on board National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites have sampled the earth’s atmosphere and surface since late 1978. HIRS is a cross-track scanning radiometer that measures brightness temperatures (radiances) in 19 infrared channels, with one additional channel in the visible. It was originally developed for weather forecasting, providing information on atmospheric temperature
). Microwave water emissivity can be calculated from surface temperature, wind vector, and salinity ( Liu et al. 2011 ). The infrared water bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model is used for the CRTM direct reflectance to compute reflected solar radiation ( Sayer et al. 2010 ). Using UV and visible spectral refractive indices of water, the BRDF model in the CRTM is also used for UV and visible measurements over water. The BRDF model is described by Fresnel reflection coefficients for
). Microwave water emissivity can be calculated from surface temperature, wind vector, and salinity ( Liu et al. 2011 ). The infrared water bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model is used for the CRTM direct reflectance to compute reflected solar radiation ( Sayer et al. 2010 ). Using UV and visible spectral refractive indices of water, the BRDF model in the CRTM is also used for UV and visible measurements over water. The BRDF model is described by Fresnel reflection coefficients for
attracted a great attention ( Fang and Wallace 1994 ; Sorteberg and Kvingedal 2006 ; Francis and Hunter 2006 ; D. S. Park et al. 2015 ; H. S. Park et al. 2015 ; Sorokina et al. 2016 ). In recent years, several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the cause of the winter Arctic sea ice decline ( Francis et al. 2005 ; Screen and Simmonds 2010 ; Screen et al. 2010 ; Cavalieri and Parkinson 2012 ). For example, the increased downward infrared radiation (IR) ( D. S. Park et al. 2015 ; H. S
attracted a great attention ( Fang and Wallace 1994 ; Sorteberg and Kvingedal 2006 ; Francis and Hunter 2006 ; D. S. Park et al. 2015 ; H. S. Park et al. 2015 ; Sorokina et al. 2016 ). In recent years, several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the cause of the winter Arctic sea ice decline ( Francis et al. 2005 ; Screen and Simmonds 2010 ; Screen et al. 2010 ; Cavalieri and Parkinson 2012 ). For example, the increased downward infrared radiation (IR) ( D. S. Park et al. 2015 ; H. S
DECEMBER 1957JOHN L..'GERGEN495ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED RADIATION OVER MINNEAPOLIS TO 30 MILLIBARS By John L. Gergen University of Minnesota'(Original manuscript received 19 January 1957 ; revised manuscript received 2 April 1957)ABSTRACTThis paper presents some of the conclusions from the results of about 300 Black Ball flights in which thetotal atmospheric infrared radiation is measured in terms of an equivalent radiation temperature. The datapresented include
DECEMBER 1957JOHN L..'GERGEN495ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED RADIATION OVER MINNEAPOLIS TO 30 MILLIBARS By John L. Gergen University of Minnesota'(Original manuscript received 19 January 1957 ; revised manuscript received 2 April 1957)ABSTRACTThis paper presents some of the conclusions from the results of about 300 Black Ball flights in which thetotal atmospheric infrared radiation is measured in terms of an equivalent radiation temperature. The datapresented include
) reported that optically thin cirrus clouds with visible optical depths less than 1.4 were found in 20% of the HIRS data from 1979 to 2001. The effect of cirrus clouds on the energy balance of the earth–atmosphere system is a topic of critical importance because on the one hand, they affect solar radiation, referred to as the albedo effect, and on the other hand, they trap a significant amount of thermal infrared radiation emitted from the atmosphere below and the surface, referred to as the greenhouse
) reported that optically thin cirrus clouds with visible optical depths less than 1.4 were found in 20% of the HIRS data from 1979 to 2001. The effect of cirrus clouds on the energy balance of the earth–atmosphere system is a topic of critical importance because on the one hand, they affect solar radiation, referred to as the albedo effect, and on the other hand, they trap a significant amount of thermal infrared radiation emitted from the atmosphere below and the surface, referred to as the greenhouse
2500 JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES VO~.~JME3gTransport of Infrared Radiation in Cuboidal Clouds HARSHVARDHAN1Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742 JAMES A. WEINMAN2Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 ROGER DAVIESaSpace Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
2500 JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES VO~.~JME3gTransport of Infrared Radiation in Cuboidal Clouds HARSHVARDHAN1Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742 JAMES A. WEINMAN2Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 ROGER DAVIESaSpace Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
