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1. Introduction Net primary productivity (NPP), the difference between photosynthesis or gross primary productivity and autotrophic respiration, is an important variable in biological and chemical carbon cycle and a key ecological indicator of the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. Therefore, study on NPP is one of the key focuses on global carbon balance and climate change in scientific community ( Potter et al. 2003 ; Tao and Zhang 2010 ). Many experiments have been carried
1. Introduction Net primary productivity (NPP), the difference between photosynthesis or gross primary productivity and autotrophic respiration, is an important variable in biological and chemical carbon cycle and a key ecological indicator of the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. Therefore, study on NPP is one of the key focuses on global carbon balance and climate change in scientific community ( Potter et al. 2003 ; Tao and Zhang 2010 ). Many experiments have been carried
fire hazards. However, there is a need for studies on the impact of Katrina on vegetation conditions and the primary productivity of the southern forests. Terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP), the fundamental ecological variable of terrestrial ecosystems, helps remove carbon from the atmosphere ( Field et al. 1995 ). NPP is directly related to the carbon dynamics in the processes of photosynthesis and autotrophic respiration. It acts as the major driver of the seasonal fluctuations in
fire hazards. However, there is a need for studies on the impact of Katrina on vegetation conditions and the primary productivity of the southern forests. Terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP), the fundamental ecological variable of terrestrial ecosystems, helps remove carbon from the atmosphere ( Field et al. 1995 ). NPP is directly related to the carbon dynamics in the processes of photosynthesis and autotrophic respiration. It acts as the major driver of the seasonal fluctuations in
Dramatic examples from first-light imagery, both single and multi-band, as well as the day-night-band, show that the 22-band sensor aboard the Suomi NPP satellite exceeds both requirements and expectations. The launch of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) on 28 October 2011 marked a new generation of operational polar-orbiting spacecraft. Suomi NPP, which was renamed in January 2012 to honor “the father of satellite meteorology” Verner Suomi ( Lewis et al. 2010 ), was
Dramatic examples from first-light imagery, both single and multi-band, as well as the day-night-band, show that the 22-band sensor aboard the Suomi NPP satellite exceeds both requirements and expectations. The launch of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) on 28 October 2011 marked a new generation of operational polar-orbiting spacecraft. Suomi NPP, which was renamed in January 2012 to honor “the father of satellite meteorology” Verner Suomi ( Lewis et al. 2010 ), was
primary productivity (NPP)-derived values from Running et al. (Running et al. 2004) , which are inferred from satellite data as a function of observed solar radiation absorption as a “top-down” approach. El Niño–induced climatic shifts decrease production in the Amazon basin through pervasive drought ( Fearnside 1995 ; Tian et al. 1998 ; Asner et al. 2000 ) and are simulated here for the severe 1997/98 El Niño event. Deforestation maps are utilized to separate areas into deforested and forested
primary productivity (NPP)-derived values from Running et al. (Running et al. 2004) , which are inferred from satellite data as a function of observed solar radiation absorption as a “top-down” approach. El Niño–induced climatic shifts decrease production in the Amazon basin through pervasive drought ( Fearnside 1995 ; Tian et al. 1998 ; Asner et al. 2000 ) and are simulated here for the severe 1997/98 El Niño event. Deforestation maps are utilized to separate areas into deforested and forested
simulations, we compared the mean monthly and interannual variability of three carbon fluxes simulated by TEM: 1) net primary production (NPP), 2) heterotrophic respiration ( R h ), and 3) net ecosystem production (NEP). We also compared cumulative changes in vegetation, soil, and total carbon storage among the three simulations. To evaluate one of the conclusions of Kimball et al. ( Kimball et al. 2007 ), we compared how the ratio of vegetation to soil carbon is changing through time among the three
simulations, we compared the mean monthly and interannual variability of three carbon fluxes simulated by TEM: 1) net primary production (NPP), 2) heterotrophic respiration ( R h ), and 3) net ecosystem production (NEP). We also compared cumulative changes in vegetation, soil, and total carbon storage among the three simulations. To evaluate one of the conclusions of Kimball et al. ( Kimball et al. 2007 ), we compared how the ratio of vegetation to soil carbon is changing through time among the three
A freeware application for remote sensing, multispectral/hyperspectral data analysis, and interrogation with Suomi-NPP , NASA’s Terra and Aqua , EUMETSAT’s MetOp, and the Chinese’s Fengyun-3 satellites. The Hyperspectral Data Viewer for Development of Research Applications, version 2 (HYDRA2), is an update to the capabilities of HYDRA ( Rink et al. 2007 ). The “HYDRA” concept is based on over 10 years of continued development of interactive satellite data interrogation and visualization
A freeware application for remote sensing, multispectral/hyperspectral data analysis, and interrogation with Suomi-NPP , NASA’s Terra and Aqua , EUMETSAT’s MetOp, and the Chinese’s Fengyun-3 satellites. The Hyperspectral Data Viewer for Development of Research Applications, version 2 (HYDRA2), is an update to the capabilities of HYDRA ( Rink et al. 2007 ). The “HYDRA” concept is based on over 10 years of continued development of interactive satellite data interrogation and visualization
production (NPP) is the primary conduit of carbon transfer from the atmosphere to the land surface and is thus a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle. In seasonally frozen environments, vegetation productivity is constrained by low temperatures and plant-available moisture for much of the year, while the active growing season is primarily determined by length of the nonfrozen period ( Jarvis and Linder 2000 ; Kimball et al. 2004 ). Boreal forest and arctic tundra biomes of the northern high
production (NPP) is the primary conduit of carbon transfer from the atmosphere to the land surface and is thus a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle. In seasonally frozen environments, vegetation productivity is constrained by low temperatures and plant-available moisture for much of the year, while the active growing season is primarily determined by length of the nonfrozen period ( Jarvis and Linder 2000 ; Kimball et al. 2004 ). Boreal forest and arctic tundra biomes of the northern high
past ( Cao et al. 2005 ; Wu and Sun 2005 ; Wu et al. 2006 ; Heidinger et al. 2002 , 2010 ) have shown that intercomparison of one satellite sensor with another stable and well-calibrated satellite sensor is one of the potential techniques for monitoring sensor performance and quantifying radiometric bias for relative and absolute calibration. The primary purpose of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership [ Suomi-NPP ( S-NPP )] Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is to
past ( Cao et al. 2005 ; Wu and Sun 2005 ; Wu et al. 2006 ; Heidinger et al. 2002 , 2010 ) have shown that intercomparison of one satellite sensor with another stable and well-calibrated satellite sensor is one of the potential techniques for monitoring sensor performance and quantifying radiometric bias for relative and absolute calibration. The primary purpose of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership [ Suomi-NPP ( S-NPP )] Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is to
vegetation growth, and alteration of land–atmosphere CO 2 exchange ( Randerson et al. 1997 ; Nemani et al. 2003 ; Angert et al. 2005 ). Net primary production (NPP) represents the sequestration of atmospheric CO 2 through plant photosynthesis or gross primary production (GPP), and carbon storage in vegetation biomass and soils. Net ecosystem production (NEP) is the residual difference between NPP and CO 2 losses from soil heterotrophic respiration and defines the net ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of
vegetation growth, and alteration of land–atmosphere CO 2 exchange ( Randerson et al. 1997 ; Nemani et al. 2003 ; Angert et al. 2005 ). Net primary production (NPP) represents the sequestration of atmospheric CO 2 through plant photosynthesis or gross primary production (GPP), and carbon storage in vegetation biomass and soils. Net ecosystem production (NEP) is the residual difference between NPP and CO 2 losses from soil heterotrophic respiration and defines the net ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of
Radiometric Comparison of 1.6-μm CO2 Absorption Band of Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) TANSO-FTS with Suomi-NPP VIIRS SWIR Band-Orbiting Partnership ( Suomi-NPP ) satellite, which was successfully launched on 28 October 2011 from Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) in California. It is a cross-track scanning radiometer that measures emitted and reflected radiation from Earth and the atmosphere, covering wavelengths from 0.4 to 12 μ m. VIIRS has three types of bands: 5 imagery bands (I bands, 375-m resolution at nadir), 16 moderate-resolution bands (M bands, 750-m resolution at nadir), and the day/night band (750-m resolution across scan
-Orbiting Partnership ( Suomi-NPP ) satellite, which was successfully launched on 28 October 2011 from Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) in California. It is a cross-track scanning radiometer that measures emitted and reflected radiation from Earth and the atmosphere, covering wavelengths from 0.4 to 12 μ m. VIIRS has three types of bands: 5 imagery bands (I bands, 375-m resolution at nadir), 16 moderate-resolution bands (M bands, 750-m resolution at nadir), and the day/night band (750-m resolution across scan
