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of this paper. Which set of variables should be used for the handoff of climate information from the climate model to a hydrologic model? Commonly, precipitation and near-surface air temperature are used, and the change in potential evapotranspiration rate for the hydrologic model is then computed from the change in temperature; potential evapotranspiration is a conceptual variable whose use simplifies the treatment of surface energy balances in hydrological models. The computation of change
of this paper. Which set of variables should be used for the handoff of climate information from the climate model to a hydrologic model? Commonly, precipitation and near-surface air temperature are used, and the change in potential evapotranspiration rate for the hydrologic model is then computed from the change in temperature; potential evapotranspiration is a conceptual variable whose use simplifies the treatment of surface energy balances in hydrological models. The computation of change
98 JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGYPotential Evapotranspiration in Arid RegionsSELLERS lnstiO~t- of Atmospheric Physics, T~ Univ,rsity t~f ,trimma(Manuscript received 5 July 1963, in revised form 11 October 1963)ABSTRACT The concept of potential evapotranspiration, as applied to arid regions, is examined using an energybalance approach suggested by Budyko. Using data for Yuma, Ariz., it is shown that a 50 per cent iucreasein the relative humidity of the air above
98 JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGYPotential Evapotranspiration in Arid RegionsSELLERS lnstiO~t- of Atmospheric Physics, T~ Univ,rsity t~f ,trimma(Manuscript received 5 July 1963, in revised form 11 October 1963)ABSTRACT The concept of potential evapotranspiration, as applied to arid regions, is examined using an energybalance approach suggested by Budyko. Using data for Yuma, Ariz., it is shown that a 50 per cent iucreasein the relative humidity of the air above
MARCH 1959 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 107A NOMOGRAM TO DETERMINEMONTHLY POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATIONT. E. A. VAN HYLCKAMALaboratory of Climatology, Drexel Institute of Technology, Centerton, N.J.'[Manuscrip! received November 20, 1958; revised January 16, 19591ABSTRACTA nomogram f o r the solution of Thornthwaite's empi rival relationships among mean nlorlthly temperature, lati-tude, and potential evapotranspiration is constructed. Zn the form of alignment charts, the nomogram is simple touse and
MARCH 1959 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 107A NOMOGRAM TO DETERMINEMONTHLY POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATIONT. E. A. VAN HYLCKAMALaboratory of Climatology, Drexel Institute of Technology, Centerton, N.J.'[Manuscrip! received November 20, 1958; revised January 16, 19591ABSTRACTA nomogram f o r the solution of Thornthwaite's empi rival relationships among mean nlorlthly temperature, lati-tude, and potential evapotranspiration is constructed. Zn the form of alignment charts, the nomogram is simple touse and
482 JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY' VOLUM~..~Pan Evaporation, Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration JoE R. EAGLE~ANUniversity of Kansas, Lawrence(Manuscript received 13 September 1966, in revised form 23 January 1967)ABSTRACT A formula for estimating the evapotranspiration rate from temperature and relative humidity data isgiven. Results of some tests of the accuracy of the equation indicate
482 JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY' VOLUM~..~Pan Evaporation, Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration JoE R. EAGLE~ANUniversity of Kansas, Lawrence(Manuscript received 13 September 1966, in revised form 23 January 1967)ABSTRACT A formula for estimating the evapotranspiration rate from temperature and relative humidity data isgiven. Results of some tests of the accuracy of the equation indicate
-9437(2002)128:1(1) . Hamlet , A. F. , P. W. Mote , M. P. Clark , and D. P. Lettenmaier , 2007 : Twentieth-century trends in runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture in the western United States . J. Climate , 20 , 1468 – 1486 , doi: 10.1175/JCLI4051.1 . Hargreaves , G. H. , and Z. A. Samani , 1982 : Estimating potential evapotranspiration . J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. , 108 , 223 – 230 . Hobbins , M. T. , J. A. Ramirez , and T. C. Brown , 2001 : Trends in regional evapotranspiration across
-9437(2002)128:1(1) . Hamlet , A. F. , P. W. Mote , M. P. Clark , and D. P. Lettenmaier , 2007 : Twentieth-century trends in runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture in the western United States . J. Climate , 20 , 1468 – 1486 , doi: 10.1175/JCLI4051.1 . Hargreaves , G. H. , and Z. A. Samani , 1982 : Estimating potential evapotranspiration . J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. , 108 , 223 – 230 . Hobbins , M. T. , J. A. Ramirez , and T. C. Brown , 2001 : Trends in regional evapotranspiration across
192 MONTHLY TVEATHER REVIEW JUNE 1961GRAPHICAL SOLUTION OF THE PENMAN EQUATIONFOR POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATIONJOHN C. PURVISWeather Bureau Alrport Stailon, Columbia, S.C.[Manuscript recelved September 8, 1959; revised January 3, 19611ABSTRACTA practicable soIution of the Penman formula for potcntial evapotranspiration by IISC' of graphs is presented.For ease in computation, three graphs are used. These graphs, designed for Columbia, S.C., can be adaptcd forany location by relabeling or
192 MONTHLY TVEATHER REVIEW JUNE 1961GRAPHICAL SOLUTION OF THE PENMAN EQUATIONFOR POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATIONJOHN C. PURVISWeather Bureau Alrport Stailon, Columbia, S.C.[Manuscript recelved September 8, 1959; revised January 3, 19611ABSTRACTA practicable soIution of the Penman formula for potcntial evapotranspiration by IISC' of graphs is presented.For ease in computation, three graphs are used. These graphs, designed for Columbia, S.C., can be adaptcd forany location by relabeling or
, such as the application of gridded model inputs ( Koren et al. 2004 ; NWS 2011 ). The HL-RDHM is grid based and employs a conceptual rainfall–runoff model to perform the water balance functions for each grid, including meeting potential evapotranspiration (PET) demands ( NWS 2011 ). The PET data implemented in the HL-RDHM are based on climatological potential evaporation (PE) values estimated from the seasonal and annual free water surface maps and mean monthly station data from National Oceanic
, such as the application of gridded model inputs ( Koren et al. 2004 ; NWS 2011 ). The HL-RDHM is grid based and employs a conceptual rainfall–runoff model to perform the water balance functions for each grid, including meeting potential evapotranspiration (PET) demands ( NWS 2011 ). The PET data implemented in the HL-RDHM are based on climatological potential evaporation (PE) values estimated from the seasonal and annual free water surface maps and mean monthly station data from National Oceanic
OCTOBER 1988 MEYER, HUBBARD AND WILHITE 1183Improving Projected Potential Evapotranspiration Estimates Using National Weather Service Forecasts* STEVEN J. MEYER, KENNETH G. HUBBARD AND DONALD A. WILHITECenter for Agricultural Meteorology and Climatology, Institute of Agricuhure and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska (Manuscript
OCTOBER 1988 MEYER, HUBBARD AND WILHITE 1183Improving Projected Potential Evapotranspiration Estimates Using National Weather Service Forecasts* STEVEN J. MEYER, KENNETH G. HUBBARD AND DONALD A. WILHITECenter for Agricultural Meteorology and Climatology, Institute of Agricuhure and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska (Manuscript
APRIL 1979 E L L S W O R T H F. L ~. D R E W 495A Diagnostic Examination of a Complementary Relationship between Actual and Potential Evapotranspiration ELLSWORTH F. LEDREwDepartment of Geography, Uni,-rsity of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3GI(Manuscript received 20 February 1978, in final form 26 December 1978)ABSTRACT Morton (1969, 1975) proposed that the actual and
APRIL 1979 E L L S W O R T H F. L ~. D R E W 495A Diagnostic Examination of a Complementary Relationship between Actual and Potential Evapotranspiration ELLSWORTH F. LEDREwDepartment of Geography, Uni,-rsity of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3GI(Manuscript received 20 February 1978, in final form 26 December 1978)ABSTRACT Morton (1969, 1975) proposed that the actual and
1. Introduction Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is defined as the maximum ability to evaporate under the assumption of a well-watered surface ( Thornthwaite 1948 ; Brutsaert 1982 ; Shuttleworth 1993 ). Accurate and timely estimates of PET are essential for agricultural and water resource planning as well as for understanding the impacts of climate variability on terrestrial systems. Our efforts are also motivated by the need for reliable estimates of PET as an input for hydrologic modeling
1. Introduction Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is defined as the maximum ability to evaporate under the assumption of a well-watered surface ( Thornthwaite 1948 ; Brutsaert 1982 ; Shuttleworth 1993 ). Accurate and timely estimates of PET are essential for agricultural and water resource planning as well as for understanding the impacts of climate variability on terrestrial systems. Our efforts are also motivated by the need for reliable estimates of PET as an input for hydrologic modeling
