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Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Community Science Earth Interactions Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Journal of Climate Journal of Hydrometeorology Journal of Physical Oceanography Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Monthly Weather Review Weather and Forecasting Weather, Climate, and Society Meteorological Monographs
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Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Community Science Earth Interactions Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Journal of Climate Journal of Hydrometeorology Journal of Physical Oceanography Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Monthly Weather Review Weather and Forecasting Weather, Climate, and Society Meteorological Monographs
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Cover Meteorological Monographs
Meteorological Monographs
  • Abstract
  • 1. Introduction
    • a. Progress in atmospheric observing systems in the twentieth century
    • b. Sources of information on atmospheric observing systems
  • 2. Boundary layer observing systems and systems for measuring turbulence from fixed and mobile locations
    • a. Turbulence measurements from fixed sites
    • b. Turbulence measurements from mobile platforms
  • 3. Upper-air observing systems
    • a. From kites to radiosondes: The development of modern upper-air observations
    • b. Solving the problem of ocean soundings: The dropsonde
    • c. Upper-air observations and the stratosphere
  • 4. Remote sensing observing systems
    • a. Meteorological radar systems
    • b. Lidar remote sensing systems
    • c. Passive remote sensing systems
  • 5. Solar and terrestrial radiation observing systems
    • a. Achievements in understanding the sun’s input
    • b. Advances in radiometry
    • c. Surface observing networks: BSRN, Aeronet, and ARM
  • 6. Airborne observing systems
    • a. Airborne observing methods for solar and terrestrial radiation
    • b. Progress in airborne cloud probes
    • c. Specialized airborne observing: The T-28 storm penetrating aircraft
    • d. Specialized research aircraft: Airborne radar
    • e. Airborne data systems
  • 7. Societal needs and observing systems
    • a. Societal interest
    • b. Water, food, and human health
    • c. Energy
    • d. Transportation
    • e. Public safety and defense
    • f. The role of field experimentation and test beds
  • 8. Summary
    • a. Trends of the past 100 years
    • b. Looking ahead
  • Acknowledgments
  • REFERENCES
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