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Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Community Science Earth Interactions Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Journal of Climate Journal of Hydrometeorology Journal of Physical Oceanography Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Monthly Weather Review Weather and Forecasting Weather, Climate, and Society Meteorological Monographs
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Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Community Science Earth Interactions Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Journal of Climate Journal of Hydrometeorology Journal of Physical Oceanography Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Monthly Weather Review Weather and Forecasting Weather, Climate, and Society Meteorological Monographs
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Cover Meteorological Monographs
Meteorological Monographs
  • Abstract
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Historical origins
    • a. Early background
    • b. Early development of turbulence theory
    • c. Large-eddy simulation
  • 3. The surface layer
    • a. The surface energy budget
    • b. Flux-profile relationships
    • c. Vegetation canopies
      • 1) Statistics
      • 2) Organized canopy-induced turbulent motionS
      • 3) Roughness sublayer parameterization
      • 4) Future directions
    • d. The surface layer over the ocean
      • 1) Problems unique to the ocean surface
      • 2) Measurement methods—A brief history
      • 3) Fluxes and the impact of waves
  • 4. CBL
    • a. Mean profiles
    • b. Fluxes
      • 1) Buoyancy and momentum flux
      • 2) The TKE budget and entrainment
    • c. Humidity and the importance of virtual temperature
    • d. Structure
  • 5. Stable boundary layer
    • a. Introduction
    • b. Weakly stable boundary layers
    • c. Very stable boundary layers
    • d. Representing the SBL in models
  • 6. The diurnal cycle
  • 7. Impact of horizontal heterogeneity
  • 8. Cloud-topped boundary layers
    • a. Introduction
    • b. Cumulus-topped boundary layers
    • c. Stratocumulus-topped ABLs
      • 1) Entrainment and the stratocumulus–cumulus transition
      • 2) Diurnal changes
      • 3) Decoupling and the stratocumulus–cumulus transition
      • 4) Clouds, aerosols, and precipitation
      • 5) Cold-air outbreaks
    • d. Improved representation of marine boundary layer clouds in global models
  • 9. Boundary layer over the Arctic Ocean
    • a. A brief look back in time
    • b. Developing a scientific understanding
      • 1) Surface-layer turbulence
      • 2) Arctic boundary layer clouds and surface radiation
      • 3) Vertical structure of the AABL
    • c. Modeling and the future
  • 10. Representing the ABL in models
    • a. Dispersion models
      • 1) Early period: Eddy diffusion, lagrangian similarity, and statistical theories
      • 2) Explosive period: Convective and stable boundary layers
      • 3) Progress on other topics
    • b. Land surface modeling in weather and climate models
    • c. Evolution of ABL parameterization in weather and climate models
  • 11. Discussion and synthesis
    • a. Historic synthesis
    • b. Some lessons learned: Parameter space
      • 1) CBL depth
      • 2) Entrainment (sections 4 and 6)
    • c. Some lessons learned: Physical models
    • d. Some lessons learned: Common misconceptions or sources of confusion
    • e. Lack of awareness and rediscovery
    • f. Challenges and opportunities for the future
      • 1) Representing surface fluxes
      • 2) Large eddies
      • 3) Clouds
      • 4) Numerical modeling
      • 5) Observations
      • 6) Laboratory
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