The Composition of Cloud Nuclei

S. Twomey Division of Radiophysics, CSIRO, Sydney, Australia

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Abstract

Natural cloud nuclei in both maritime and continental air masses in southeastern Australia (Robertson, N.S.W.) show a high volatility when heated. Few natural nuclei withstand the high temperatures which can be applied to sodium chloride and other sodium salts. Most nuclei are therefore something other than sodium chloride or sea salt—probably ammonium sulfate. The concentration of non-volatile nuclei which could be sea salt rarely exceeded 10 cm−3.

Abstract

Natural cloud nuclei in both maritime and continental air masses in southeastern Australia (Robertson, N.S.W.) show a high volatility when heated. Few natural nuclei withstand the high temperatures which can be applied to sodium chloride and other sodium salts. Most nuclei are therefore something other than sodium chloride or sea salt—probably ammonium sulfate. The concentration of non-volatile nuclei which could be sea salt rarely exceeded 10 cm−3.

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