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Research Article

Global Oceans

Molly Baringer2, Mariana B. Bif3, Tim Boyer4, Seth M. Bushinsky5, Brendan R. Carter6, Ivona Cetinić7, Don P. Chambers8, Lijing Cheng9, Sanai Chiba10, Minhan Dai11, Catia M. Domingues12, Shenfu Dong13, Andrea J. Fassbender14, Richard A. Feely15, Eleanor Frajka-Williams16, Bryan A. Franz17, John Gilson18, Gustavo Goni19, Benjamin D. Hamlington20, Zeng-Zhen Hu21, Boyin Huang22, Masayoshi Ishii23, Svetlana Jevrejeva24, William E. Johns25, Gregory C. Johnson26, Kenneth S. Johnson27, John Kennedy28, Marion Kersalé29, Rachel E. Killick30, Peter Landschützer31, Matthias Lankhorst32, Tong Lee33, Eric Leuliette34, Feili Li35, Eric Lindstrom36, Ricardo Locarnini37, Susan Lozier38, John M. Lyman39, John J. Marra40, Christopher S. Meinen41, Mark A. Merrifield42, Gary T. Mitchum43, Ben Moat44, Didier Monselesan45, R. Steven Nerem46, Renellys C. Perez47, Sarah G. Purkey48, Darren Rayner49, James Reagan50, Nicholas Rome51, Alejandra Sanchez-Franks52, Claudia Schmid53, Joel P. Scott54, Uwe Send55, David A. Siegel56, David A. Smeed57, Sabrina Speich58, Paul W. Stackhouse Jr.59, William Sweet60, Yuichiro Takeshita61, Philip R. Thompson62, Joaquin A. Triñanes63, Martin Visbeck64, Denis L. Volkov65, Rik Wanninkhof66, Robert A. Weller67, Toby K. Westberry68, Matthew J. Widlansky69, Susan E. Wijffels70, Anne C. Wilber71, Lisan Yu72, Weidong Yu73, and Huai-Min Zhang74
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  • 1 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida
  • | 2 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida
  • | 3 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California
  • | 4 NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland
  • | 5 University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i
  • | 6 Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, and NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington
  • | 7 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, and Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland
  • | 8 College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida
  • | 9 International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
  • | 10 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
  • | 11 Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
  • | 12 Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, and Australian Research Council’s Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
  • | 13 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida
  • | 14 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California
  • | 15 NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington
  • | 16 National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
  • | 17 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
  • | 18 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • | 19 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida
  • | 20 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California
  • | 21 NOAA/NCEP Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland
  • | 22 NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina
  • | 23 Department of Atmosphere, Ocean and Earth System Modeling Research, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
  • | 24 National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • | 25 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
  • | 26 NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington
  • | 27 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California
  • | 28 Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom
  • | 29 Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida and NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Miami, Florida
  • | 30 Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom
  • | 31 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
  • | 32 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • | 33 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California
  • | 34 NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, Maryland
  • | 35 College of Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
  • | 36 Saildrone Inc., Alameda, California
  • | 37 NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland
  • | 38 College of Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
  • | 39 NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, and Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i
  • | 40 NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Honolulu, Hawai'i
  • | 41 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida
  • | 42 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • | 43 College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida
  • | 44 National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
  • | 45 CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
  • | 46 Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
  • | 47 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida
  • | 48 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • | 49 National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
  • | 50 Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center/Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland and NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland
  • | 51 Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Washington, D.C.
  • | 52 National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
  • | 53 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida
  • | 54 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland and Science Application International Corporation, Beltsville, Maryland
  • | 55 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • | 56 University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
  • | 57 National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
  • | 58 École Normale Supérieure Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France
  • | 59 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
  • | 60 NOAA/NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, Silver Spring, Maryland
  • | 61 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California
  • | 62 Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i
  • | 63 Laboratory of Systems, Technological Research Institute, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida, and Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
  • | 64 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
  • | 65 Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida and NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Miami, Florida
  • | 66 NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida
  • | 67 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
  • | 68 Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
  • | 69 Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i
  • | 70 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
  • | 71 Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia
  • | 72 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
  • | 73 National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, China
  • | 74 NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina
Published-online:
12 Aug 2020
Print Publication:
01 Aug 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0105.1
Page(s):
S129–S184
Free access

Corresponding author: Rick Lumpkin / rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov

Corresponding author: Rick Lumpkin / rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov
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