Regional Climates

Peter Bissolli; Catherine Ganter; Tim Li; Ademe Mekonnen; Ahira Sánchez-Lugo; Eric J. Alfaro; Lincoln M. Alves; Jorge A. Amador; B. Andrade; Francisco Argeñalso; P. Asgarzadeh; Julian Baez; Reuben Barakiza; M. Yu. Bardin; Mikhail Bardin; Oliver Bochníček; Brandon Bukunt; Blanca Calderón; Jayaka D. Campbell; Elise Chandler; Ladislaus Chang’a; Vincent Y. S. Cheng; Leonardo A. Clarke; Kris Correa; Catalina Cortés; Felipe Costa; A.P.M.A. Cunha; Mesut Demircan; K. R. Dhurmea; A. Diawara; Sarah Diouf; Dashkhuu Dulamsuren; M. ElKharrim; Jhan-Carlo Espinoza; A. Fazl-Kazem; Chris Fenimore; Steven Fuhrman; Karin Gleason; Charles “Chip” P. Guard; Samson Hagos; Mizuki Hanafusa; H. R. Hasannezhad; Richard R. Heim; Hugo G. Hidalgo; J. A. Ijampy; Gyo Soon Im; Annie C. Joseph; G. Jumaux; K. R. Kabidi; P-H. Kamsu-Tamo; John Kennedy; Valentina Khan; Mai Van Khiem; Philemon King’uza; Natalia N. Korshunova; A. C. Kruger; Hoang Phuc Lam; Mark A. Lander; Waldo Lavado-Casimiro; Tsz-Cheung Lee; Kinson H. Y. Leung; Gregor Macara; Jostein Mamen; José A. Marengo; Charlotte McBride; Noelia Misevicius; Aurel Moise; Jorge Molina-Carpio; Natali Mora; Awatif E. Mostafa; Habiba Mtongori; Charles Mutai; O. Ndiaye; Juan José Nieto; Latifa Nyembo; Patricia Nying’uro; Xiao Pan; Reynaldo Pascual Ramírez; David Phillips; Brad Pugh; Madhavan Rajeevan; M. L. Rakotonirina; Andrea M. Ramos; M. Robjhon; Camino Rodriguez; Guisado Rodriguez; Josyane Ronchail; Benjamin Rösner; Roberto Salinas; Hirotaka Sato; Hitoshi Sato; Amal Sayouri; Joseph Sebaziga; Serhat Sensoy; Sandra Spillane; Katja Trachte; Gerard van der Schrier; F. Sima; Adam Smith; Jacqueline M. Spence; O. P. Sreejith; A. K. Srivastava; José L. Stella; Kimberly A. Stephenson; Tannecia S. Stephenson; S. Supari; Sahar Tajbakhsh-Mosalman; Gerard Tamar; Michael A. Taylor; Asaminew Teshome; Wassila M. Thiaw; Skie Tobin; Adrian R. Trotman; Cedric J. Van Meerbeeck; A. Vazifeh; Shunya Wakamatsu; Wei Wang; Fei Xin; F. Zeng; Peiqun Zhang; Zhiwei Zhu

doi:10.1175/2021BAMSStateoftheClimate_Chapter7.1

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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Regional Climates

Peter Bissolli

Peter BissolliDeutscher Wetterdienst, WMO RA VI Regional Climate Centre Network, Offenbach, Germany

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Catherine Ganter

Catherine GanterBureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Tim Li

Tim LiDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

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Ademe Mekonnen

Ademe MekonnenDepartment of Physics, North Carolina A & T University, Greensboro, North Carolina

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Ahira Sánchez-Lugo

Ahira Sánchez-LugoNOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

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Eric J. Alfaro

Eric J. AlfaroCenter for Geophysical Research and School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

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Lincoln M. Alves

Lincoln M. AlvesCentro de Ciencia do Sistema Terrestre/Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Jorge A. Amador

Jorge A. AmadorCenter for Geophysical Research and School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

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B. Andrade

B. AndradeSeychelles Meteorological Authority, Mahe, Seychelles

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Francisco Argeñalso

Francisco ArgeñalsoDeutscher Wetterdienst, WMO RA VI Regional Climate Centre Network, Offenbach, Germany

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P. Asgarzadeh

P. AsgarzadehNational Center for Climate and Drought Crisis Management, Islamic Republic of Iranian Meteorological Organization, Iran

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Julian Baez

Julian BaezUniversidad Católica Nuestra Senora de la Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay

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Reuben Barakiza

Reuben BarakizaBurundi Hydrometeorological Department, Bujumbura, Burundi

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M. Yu. Bardin

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Mikhail Bardin

Mikhail BardinInstitute of Global Climate and Ecology, Moscow, Russia

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Oliver Bochníček

Oliver BochníčekSlovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Slovakia

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Brandon Bukunt

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Blanca Calderón

Blanca CalderónCenter for Geophysical Research, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

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Jayaka D. Campbell

Jayaka D. CampbellDepartment of Physics, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica

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Elise Chandler

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Ladislaus Chang’a

Ladislaus Chang’aTanzania Meteorological Authority, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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Vincent Y. S. Cheng

Vincent Y. S. ChengEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Leonardo A. Clarke

Leonardo A. ClarkeDepartment of Physics, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica

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Kris Correa

Kris CorreaServicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú, Lima, Perú

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Catalina Cortés

Catalina CortésDirección de Meteorológica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Felipe Costa

Felipe CostaInternational Centre for Research on El Niño, Guayaqui, Ecuador

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A.P.M.A. Cunha

A.P.M.A. CunhaCentro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Mesut Demircan

Mesut DemircanTurkish State Meteorological Service, Ankara, Turkey

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K. R. Dhurmea

K. R. DhurmeaMauritius Meteorological Service, Vacoas, Mauritius

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A. Diawara

A. DiawaraNOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland

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Sarah Diouf

Sarah DioufNOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland

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Dashkhuu Dulamsuren

Dashkhuu DulamsurenClimate change and resource research section, Information and Research, Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, National Agency for Meteorology, Hydrology and Environmental Monitoring, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

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M. ElKharrim

M. ElKharrimDirection de la Météorologie Nationale Maroc, Rabat, Morocco

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Jhan-Carlo Espinoza

Jhan-Carlo EspinozaUniversité Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France

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A. Fazl-Kazem

A. Fazl-KazemNational Center for Drought Monitoring and Crisis Management, Islamic Republic of Iranian Meteorological Organization, Iran

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Chris Fenimore

Chris FenimoreNOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

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Steven Fuhrman

Steven FuhrmanNOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland

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Karin Gleason

Karin GleasonNOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

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Charles “Chip” P. Guard

Charles “Chip” P. GuardTropical Weather Sciences, Sinajana, Guam

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Samson Hagos

Samson HagosPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Department of Energy, Richland, Washington

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Mizuki Hanafusa

Mizuki HanafusaTokyo Climate Center, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan

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H. R. Hasannezhad

H. R. HasannezhadNational Center for Climate and Drought Crisis Management, Islamic Republic of Iranian Meteorological Organization, Iran

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Richard R. Heim Jr.

Richard R. Heim Jr.NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

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Hugo G. Hidalgo

Hugo G. HidalgoCenter for Geophysical Research and School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

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J. A. Ijampy

J. A. IjampyNigerian Meteorological Agency, Abuja, Nigeria

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Gyo Soon Im

Gyo Soon ImClimate Change Monitoring Division, Korea Meteorological Administration, South Korea

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Annie C. Joseph

Annie C. JosephDominica Meteorological Service, Canefield, Dominica

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G. Jumaux

G. JumauxMétéo France, Direction Interrégionale pour l’Océan Indien, Réunion

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K. R. Kabidi

K. R. KabidiDirection de la Météorologie Nationale Maroc, Rabat, Morocco

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P-H. Kamsu-Tamo

P-H. Kamsu-TamoNOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland

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John Kennedy

John KennedyMet Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom

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Valentina Khan

Valentina KhanHydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation/A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

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Mai Van Khiem

Mai Van KhiemViet Nam National Center of Hydro-Meteorology Forecasting, Viet Nam Meteorology Hydrology Administration, Viet Nam

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Philemon King’uza

Philemon King’uzaTanzania Meteorological Authority, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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Natalia N. Korshunova

Natalia N. KorshunovaAll-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information - World Data Center, Obninsk, Russia

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A. C. Kruger

A. C. KrugerClimate Service, South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa Lakatos, Mónika, Climatology Unit, Hungarian Meteorological Service, Budapest, Hungary

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Hoang Phuc Lam

Hoang Phuc LamViet Nam National Center of Hydro-Meteorology Forecasting, Viet Nam Meteorology Hydrology Administration, Viet Nam

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Mark A. Lander

Mark A. LanderUniversity of Guam, Mangilao, Guam

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Waldo Lavado-Casimiro

Waldo Lavado-CasimiroServicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú, Lima, Perú

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Tsz-Cheung Lee

Tsz-Cheung LeeHong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China

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Kinson H. Y. Leung

Kinson H. Y. LeungEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Gregor Macara

Gregor MacaraNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand

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Jostein Mamen

Jostein MamenClimate Division, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway

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José A. Marengo

José A. MarengoCentro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Charlotte McBride

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Noelia Misevicius

Noelia MiseviciusInstituto Uruguayo de Meteorología, Montevideo, Uruguay

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Aurel MoiseCentre for Climate Research Singapore, Meteorological Service, Singapore

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Jorge Molina-CarpioUniversidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia

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Awatif E. Mostafa

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Habiba Mtongori

Habiba MtongoriTanzania Meteorological Authority, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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Charles Mutai

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O. NdiayeSenegalese Meteorological Service, Dakar, Senegal

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Juan José NietoInternational Centre for Research on El Niño, Guayaqui, Ecuador

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Patricia Nying’uro

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Xiao Pan

Xiao PanNanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China

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Reynaldo Pascual RamírezNational Meteorological Service of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

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David Phillips

David PhillipsEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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M. L. Rakotonirina

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Andrea M. Ramos

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M. Robjhon

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Camino Rodriguez

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Guisado Rodriguez

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Sandra SpillaneMet Éireann, Dublin, Ireland

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Sahar Tajbakhsh-MosalmanIslamic Republic of Iranian Meteorological Organization, Iran

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Asaminew TeshomeEthiopia Meteorological Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Wassila M. ThiawDeutscher Wetterdienst, WMO RA VI Regional Climate Centre Network, Offenbach, Germany

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Skie Tobin

Skie TobinBureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Adrian R. TrotmanCaribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Bridgetown, Barbados

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Cedric J. Van Meerbeeck

Cedric J. Van MeerbeeckCaribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Bridgetown, Barbados

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A. VazifehNational Center for Drought Monitoring and Crisis Management, Islamic Republic of Iranian Meteorological Organization, Iran

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Shunya WakamatsuTokyo Climate Center, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan

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Wei Wang

Wei WangMinhang Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China

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Fei Xin

Fei XinShanghai Climate Center, Shanghai, China

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F. Zeng

F. ZengPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Department of Energy, Richland, Washington

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Peiqun Zhang

Peiqun ZhangBeijing Climate Center, Beijing, China

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, and

Zhiwei Zhu

Zhiwei ZhuNanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China

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Online Publication:: 25 Aug 2021

Print Publication:: 01 Aug 2021

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1175/2021BAMSStateoftheClimate_Chapter7.1

Page(s):: S357–S464

Published Online:: 25 Aug 2021

Displayed acceptance dates for articles published prior to 2023 are approximate to within a week. If needed, exact acceptance dates can be obtained by emailing amsjol@ametsoc.org.

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Corresponding authors: North America: Ahira Sánchez-Lugo / Ahira.Sanchez-Lugo@noaa.gov. Central America and the Caribbean: Ahira Sánchez-Lugo / Ahira.Sanchez-Lugo@noaa.gov, South America: Ahira Sánchez-Lugo / Ahira.Sanchez-Lugo@noaa.gov, Africa: Ademe Mekonnen / amekonne@ncat.edu, Europe: Peter Bissolli / Peter.Bissolli@dwd.de, Asia: Tim Li / timli@hawaii.edu, Oceania: Catherine Ganter / Catherine.Ganter@bom.gov.au

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Regional Climates

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GENERAL CONDITIONS

No. III

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE

VERIFICATIONS

MISCELLANEOUS PHENOMENA

Regional Climates

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