Article Type:
Research Article

Global Oceans

Gregory C. Johnson NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington

Search for other papers by Gregory C. Johnson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Rick Lumpkin NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida

Search for other papers by Rick Lumpkin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Tim Boyer NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland

Search for other papers by Tim Boyer in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Francis Bringas NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida

Search for other papers by Francis Bringas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ivona Cetinić NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, and Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland

Search for other papers by Ivona Cetinić in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Don P. Chambers College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida

Search for other papers by Don P. Chambers in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Lijing Cheng International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Search for other papers by Lijing Cheng in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Shenfu Dong NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida

Search for other papers by Shenfu Dong in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Richard A. Feely NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington

Search for other papers by Richard A. Feely in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Baylor Fox-Kemper Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island

Search for other papers by Baylor Fox-Kemper in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Eleanor Frajka-Williams National Oceanography Centre, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Eleanor Frajka-Williams in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Bryan A. Franz NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Search for other papers by Bryan A. Franz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Yao Fu School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

Search for other papers by Yao Fu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Meng Gao NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, and Science Systems and Application Inc., Lanham, Maryland

Search for other papers by Meng Gao in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jay Garg Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia

Search for other papers by Jay Garg in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
John Gilson Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California

Search for other papers by John Gilson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Gustavo Goni NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida

Search for other papers by Gustavo Goni in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Benjamin D. Hamlington Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California

Search for other papers by Benjamin D. Hamlington in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Helene T. Hewitt Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Helene T. Hewitt in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
William R. Hobbs Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania

Search for other papers by William R. Hobbs in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Zeng-Zhen Hu NOAA/NWS NCEP Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland

Search for other papers by Zeng-Zhen Hu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Boyin Huang NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

Search for other papers by Boyin Huang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Svetlana Jevrejeva National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Svetlana Jevrejeva in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
William E. Johns Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida

Search for other papers by William E. Johns in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Sato Katsunari Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Sato Katsunari in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
John J. Kennedy Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by John J. Kennedy in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Marion Kersalé Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, and NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida; currently at Direction Générale de l’Armement, Ingénierie des projets, Paris, France

Search for other papers by Marion Kersalé in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Rachel E. Killick Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Rachel E. Killick in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Eric Leuliette NOAA/NWS NCWCP Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry, College Park, Maryland

Search for other papers by Eric Leuliette in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ricardo Locarnini NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland

Search for other papers by Ricardo Locarnini in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
M. Susan Lozier School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

Search for other papers by M. Susan Lozier in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
John M. Lyman Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, and NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington

Search for other papers by John M. Lyman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Mark A. Merrifield Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California

Search for other papers by Mark A. Merrifield in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Alexey Mishonov Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center/Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, and NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland

Search for other papers by Alexey Mishonov in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Gary T. Mitchum College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida

Search for other papers by Gary T. Mitchum in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ben I. Moat National Oceanography Centre, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Ben I. Moat in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
R. Steven Nerem Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by R. Steven Nerem in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Dirk Notz Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg and Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany

Search for other papers by Dirk Notz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Renellys C. Perez NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida

Search for other papers by Renellys C. Perez in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Sarah G. Purkey Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California

Search for other papers by Sarah G. Purkey in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Darren Rayner National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Darren Rayner in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
James Reagan NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland

Search for other papers by James Reagan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Claudia Schmid NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida

Search for other papers by Claudia Schmid in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
David A. Siegel University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California

Search for other papers by David A. Siegel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
David A. Smeed National Oceanography Centre, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by David A. Smeed in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Paul W. Stackhouse NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Search for other papers by Paul W. Stackhouse in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
William Sweet NOAA/NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, Silver Spring, Maryland

Search for other papers by William Sweet in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Philip R. Thompson Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Philip R. Thompson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Denis L. Volkov Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, and NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida

Search for other papers by Denis L. Volkov in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Rik Wanninkhof NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida

Search for other papers by Rik Wanninkhof in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Robert A. Weller Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Search for other papers by Robert A. Weller in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Caihong Wen NOAA/NWS NCEP Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland

Search for other papers by Caihong Wen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Toby K. Westberry Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon

Search for other papers by Toby K. Westberry in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Matthew J. Widlansky Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Matthew J. Widlansky in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Josh K. Willis Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California

Search for other papers by Josh K. Willis in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Lisan Yu Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Search for other papers by Lisan Yu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
, and
Huai-Min Zhang NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

Search for other papers by Huai-Min Zhang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Online Publication:
07 Sep 2022
Print Publication:
01 Aug 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0072.1
Page(s):
S143–S192
Free access

Corresponding author: Rick Lumpkin / rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov

Corresponding author: Rick Lumpkin / rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov
Save
Cover Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 1087 787 60
PDF Downloads 1007 669 50