Article Type:
Research Article

Global Climate

Robert J. H. Dunn Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Robert J. H. Dunn in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Freya Aldred Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Freya Aldred in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Nadine Gobron European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy

Search for other papers by Nadine Gobron in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
John B. Miller NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by John B. Miller in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Kate M. Willett Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Kate M. Willett in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Melanie Ades European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Melanie Ades in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Robert Adler CMNS-Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland

Search for other papers by Robert Adler in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
R. P. Allan Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by R. P. Allan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
John Anderson Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia

Search for other papers by John Anderson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Orlane Anneville National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), CARRTEL, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Thonon les Bains, France

Search for other papers by Orlane Anneville in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Yasuyuki Aono Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan

Search for other papers by Yasuyuki Aono in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Anthony Argüez NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

Search for other papers by Anthony Argüez in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Carlo Arosio University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

Search for other papers by Carlo Arosio in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
John A. Augustine NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by John A. Augustine in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Cesar Azorin-Molina Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Spanish National Research Council (CIDE, CSIC-UV-Generalitat Valenciana), Climate, Atmosphere and Ocean Laboratory (Climatoc-Lab), Moncada, Valencia, Spain

Search for other papers by Cesar Azorin-Molina in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jonathan Barichivich Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile and Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Jonathan Barichivich in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Aman Basu York University, Toronto, Canada

Search for other papers by Aman Basu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Hylke E. Beck Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Ispra, Italy and GloH2O, Almere, the Netherlands

Search for other papers by Hylke E. Beck in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Nicolas Bellouin University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Nicolas Bellouin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Angela Benedetti European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Angela Benedetti in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Kevin Blagrave York University, Toronto, Canada

Search for other papers by Kevin Blagrave in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Stephen Blenkinsop School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Stephen Blenkinsop in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Olivier Bock Université de Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, F-7500 Paris, France

Search for other papers by Olivier Bock in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Xavier Bodin Laboratoire EDYTEM, CNRS/Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France

Search for other papers by Xavier Bodin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Michael G. Bosilovich Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Search for other papers by Michael G. Bosilovich in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Olivier Boucher Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

Search for other papers by Olivier Boucher in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Gerald Bove University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands

Search for other papers by Gerald Bove in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Dennis Buechler University of Huntsville Alabama, Huntsville, Alabama

Search for other papers by Dennis Buechler in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Stefan A. Buehler Meteorologisches Institut, Centrum für Erdsystem- und Nachhaltigkeitsforschung (CEN), Fachbereich Erdsystemwissenschaften, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Search for other papers by Stefan A. Buehler in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Laura Carrea Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Laura Carrea in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Kai-Lan Chang Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder; and NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Kai-Lan Chang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Hanne H. Christiansen Geology Department, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway

Search for other papers by Hanne H. Christiansen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
John R. Christy The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama

Search for other papers by John R. Christy in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Eui-Seok Chung IBS Center for Climate Physics, South Korea

Search for other papers by Eui-Seok Chung in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Laura M. Ciasto NOAA Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland

Search for other papers by Laura M. Ciasto in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Melanie Coldewey-Egbers DLR (German Aerospace Center) Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany

Search for other papers by Melanie Coldewey-Egbers in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Owen R. Cooper Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; and NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Owen R. Cooper in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Richard C. Cornes National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Richard C. Cornes in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Curt Covey Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore California

Search for other papers by Curt Covey in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Thomas Cropper National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Thomas Cropper in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Molly Crotwell Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; and NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Molly Crotwell in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Diego Cusicanqui Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Grenoble, France

Search for other papers by Diego Cusicanqui in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Sean M. Davis NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Sean M. Davis in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Richard A. M. de Jeu Planet Labs, Haarlem, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Richard A. M. de Jeu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Doug Degenstein University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Search for other papers by Doug Degenstein in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Reynald Delaloye Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

Search for other papers by Reynald Delaloye in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Markus G. Donat Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Barcelona, Spain and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain

Search for other papers by Markus G. Donat in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Wouter A. Dorigo TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Search for other papers by Wouter A. Dorigo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Imke Durre NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

Search for other papers by Imke Durre in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Geoff S. Dutton Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; and NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Geoff S. Dutton in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Gregory Duveiller Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany

Search for other papers by Gregory Duveiller in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
James W. Elkins NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by James W. Elkins in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Thomas W. Estilow Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey

Search for other papers by Thomas W. Estilow in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Nava Fedaeff National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand

Search for other papers by Nava Fedaeff in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
David Fereday Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by David Fereday in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Vitali E. Fioletov Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada

Search for other papers by Vitali E. Fioletov in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Johannes Flemming Copernicus Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Johannes Flemming in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Michael J. Foster Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Search for other papers by Michael J. Foster in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Stacey M. Frith Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland; and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Search for other papers by Stacey M. Frith in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Lucien Froidevaux Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California

Search for other papers by Lucien Froidevaux in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Martin Füllekrug University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Martin Füllekrug in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Judith Garforth Woodland Trust, Grantham, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Judith Garforth in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jay Garg SSAI, Hampton, Virginia

Search for other papers by Jay Garg in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Matthew Gentry Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; and NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Matthew Gentry in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Steven Goodman Thunderbolt Global Analytics, Huntsville, Alabama

Search for other papers by Steven Goodman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Qiqi Gou Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Search for other papers by Qiqi Gou in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Nikolay Granin Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia

Search for other papers by Nikolay Granin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Mauro Guglielmin Department of Theoretical and Applied Science, Insubria University, Italy

Search for other papers by Mauro Guglielmin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Sebastian Hahn TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Search for other papers by Sebastian Hahn in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Leopold Haimberger Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Search for other papers by Leopold Haimberger in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Brad D. Hall NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Brad D. Hall in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ian Harris National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; and Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Ian Harris in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Debbie L. Hemming Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Debbie L. Hemming in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Martin Hirschi ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Search for other papers by Martin Hirschi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Shu-pen (Ben) Ho Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA, College Park, Maryland

Search for other papers by Shu-pen (Ben) Ho in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Robert Holzworth University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Search for other papers by Robert Holzworth in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Filip Hrbáček Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

Search for other papers by Filip Hrbáček in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Daan Hubert Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium

Search for other papers by Daan Hubert in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Petra Hulsman Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Search for other papers by Petra Hulsman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Dale F. Hurst Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Dale F. Hurst in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Antje Inness European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Antje Inness in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ketil Isaksen Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway

Search for other papers by Ketil Isaksen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Viju O. John EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany

Search for other papers by Viju O. John in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Philip D. Jones Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Philip D. Jones in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Robert Junod Earth System Science Center (ESSC), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama

Search for other papers by Robert Junod in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Andreas Kääb Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway

Search for other papers by Andreas Kääb in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Johannes W. Kaiser Centre for Agrometeorological Research (ZAMF), German Meteorological Service (DWD), Braunschweig, Germany

Search for other papers by Johannes W. Kaiser in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Viktor Kaufmann Institute of Geodesy, Working Group Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria

Search for other papers by Viktor Kaufmann in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Andreas Kellerer-Pirklbauer Institute of Geography and Regional Science, Cascade – The Mountain Processes and Mountain Hazards Group, University of Graz, Graz, Austria

Search for other papers by Andreas Kellerer-Pirklbauer in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Elizabeth C. Kent National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Elizabeth C. Kent in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Richard Kidd Earth Observation Data Centre (EODC), Vienna, Austria

Search for other papers by Richard Kidd in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Hyungiun Kim Moon Soul Graduate School of Future Strategy and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea

Search for other papers by Hyungiun Kim in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Zak Kipling European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Zak Kipling in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Akash Koppa Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Search for other papers by Akash Koppa in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jan Henning L’Abée-Lund Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Oslo, Norway

Search for other papers by Jan Henning L’Abée-Lund in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Xin Lan Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Xin Lan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Kathleen O. Lantz NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Kathleen O. Lantz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
David Lavers European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by David Lavers in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Norman G. Loeb NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Search for other papers by Norman G. Loeb in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Diego Loyola DLR (German Aerospace Center) Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany

Search for other papers by Diego Loyola in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Remi Madelon CESBIO (Université Toulouse 3, CNES, CNRS, INRAE, IRD), Toulouse, France

Search for other papers by Remi Madelon in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Hilmar J. Malmquist Icelandic Museum of Natural History, Reykjavík, Iceland

Search for other papers by Hilmar J. Malmquist in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Wlodzimierz Marszelewski Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland

Search for other papers by Wlodzimierz Marszelewski in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Michael Mayer University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Michael Mayer in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Matthew F. McCabe Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

Search for other papers by Matthew F. McCabe in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Tim R. McVicar CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory; and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Search for other papers by Tim R. McVicar in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Carl A. Mears Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, California

Search for other papers by Carl A. Mears in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Annette Menzel TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany

Search for other papers by Annette Menzel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Christopher J. Merchant Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Christopher J. Merchant in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Diego G. Miralles Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Search for other papers by Diego G. Miralles in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Stephen A. Montzka NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Stephen A. Montzka in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Colin Morice Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Colin Morice in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Leander Mösinger TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Search for other papers by Leander Mösinger in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jens Mühle Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California

Search for other papers by Jens Mühle in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Julien P. Nicolas European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Julien P. Nicolas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jeannette Noetzli WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos-Dorf, Switzerland and Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERC, Davos Dorf, Switzerland

Search for other papers by Jeannette Noetzli in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Tiina Nõges Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia

Search for other papers by Tiina Nõges in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ben Noll National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand

Search for other papers by Ben Noll in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
John O’Keefe The Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, Massachusetts

Search for other papers by John O’Keefe in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Tim J. Osborn Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Tim J. Osborn in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Taejin Park NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, California

Search for other papers by Taejin Park in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Cecile Pellet Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

Search for other papers by Cecile Pellet in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Maury S. Pelto Nichols College, Dudley, Massachusetts

Search for other papers by Maury S. Pelto in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia

Search for other papers by Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Coda Phillips Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Search for other papers by Coda Phillips in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Stephen Po-Chedley Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California

Search for other papers by Stephen Po-Chedley in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Lorenzo Polvani Columbia University, New York, New York

Search for other papers by Lorenzo Polvani in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Wolfgang Preimesberger TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Search for other papers by Wolfgang Preimesberger in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Colin Price Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

Search for other papers by Colin Price in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Merja Pulkkanen Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Helsinki, Finland

Search for other papers by Merja Pulkkanen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Dominik G. Rains Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Search for other papers by Dominik G. Rains in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
William J. Randel National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by William J. Randel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Samuel Rémy HYGEOS, Lille, France

Search for other papers by Samuel Rémy in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Lucrezia Ricciardulli Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, California

Search for other papers by Lucrezia Ricciardulli in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Andrew D. Richardson School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems and Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona

Search for other papers by Andrew D. Richardson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
David A. Robinson Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey

Search for other papers by David A. Robinson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Matthew Rodell Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Search for other papers by Matthew Rodell in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Nemesio J. Rodríguez-Fernández CESBIO, Université Toulouse 3, CNES, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Toulouse, France

Search for other papers by Nemesio J. Rodríguez-Fernández in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Karen H. Rosenlof NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Karen H. Rosenlof in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Chris Roth University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

Search for other papers by Chris Roth in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Alexei Rozanov University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

Search for other papers by Alexei Rozanov in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
This Rutishäuser Swiss Academy of Sciences (SCNAT), Bern, Switzerland

Search for other papers by This Rutishäuser in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ahira Sánchez-Lugo NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

Search for other papers by Ahira Sánchez-Lugo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Parnchai Sawaengphokhai Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Hampton, Virginia

Search for other papers by Parnchai Sawaengphokhai in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Verena Schenzinger Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Search for other papers by Verena Schenzinger in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Robert W. Schlegel Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-mer, France

Search for other papers by Robert W. Schlegel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Udo Schneider Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany

Search for other papers by Udo Schneider in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Sapna Sharma York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Search for other papers by Sapna Sharma in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Lei Shi NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

Search for other papers by Lei Shi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Adrian J. Simmons European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Adrian J. Simmons in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Carolina Siso Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder Colorado, and NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Carolina Siso in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Sharon L. Smith Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada

Search for other papers by Sharon L. Smith in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Brian J. Soden University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), Key Biscayne, Florida

Search for other papers by Brian J. Soden in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Viktoria Sofieva Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland

Search for other papers by Viktoria Sofieva in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Tim H. Sparks Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland

Search for other papers by Tim H. Sparks in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Paul W. Stackhouse Jr. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Search for other papers by Paul W. Stackhouse Jr. in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ryan Stauffer NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Search for other papers by Ryan Stauffer in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Wolfgang Steinbrecht German Weather Service (DWD), Hohenpeissenberg, Germany

Search for other papers by Wolfgang Steinbrecht in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Andrea K. Steiner Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, Graz, Austria

Search for other papers by Andrea K. Steiner in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Kenton Stewart State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York

Search for other papers by Kenton Stewart in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Pietro Stradiotti TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Search for other papers by Pietro Stradiotti in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Dimitri A. Streletskiy George Washington University, Washington, D.C.

Search for other papers by Dimitri A. Streletskiy in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Hagen Telg Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Hagen Telg in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Stephen J. Thackeray Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom

Search for other papers by Stephen J. Thackeray in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Emmanuel Thibert Université Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, UR ETGR, Grenoble, France

Search for other papers by Emmanuel Thibert in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Michael Todt Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Michael Todt in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Daisuke Tokuda Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Search for other papers by Daisuke Tokuda in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Kleareti Tourpali Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece

Search for other papers by Kleareti Tourpali in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Mari R. Tye National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Mari R. Tye in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ronald van der A Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), DeBilt, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Ronald van der A in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Robin van der Schalie Planet Labs, Haarlem, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Robin van der Schalie in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Gerard van der Schrier Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Gerard van der Schrier in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Mendy van der Vliet Planet Labs, Haarlem, The Netherlands

Search for other papers by Mendy van der Vliet in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Guido R. van der Werf Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Search for other papers by Guido R. van der Werf in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Arnold. van Vliet Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands

Search for other papers by Arnold. van Vliet in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jean-Paul Vernier National Institute of Aerospace/NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Search for other papers by Jean-Paul Vernier in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Isaac J. Vimont Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder; and NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Isaac J. Vimont in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Katrina Virts University of Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama

Search for other papers by Katrina Virts in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Sebastiàn Vivero Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

Search for other papers by Sebastiàn Vivero in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Holger Vömel Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado

Search for other papers by Holger Vömel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Russell S. Vose NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

Search for other papers by Russell S. Vose in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ray H. J. Wang Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

Search for other papers by Ray H. J. Wang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Markus Weber University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

Search for other papers by Markus Weber in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
David Wiese Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California

Search for other papers by David Wiese in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jeanette D. Wild ESSIC/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and NOAA Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland

Search for other papers by Jeanette D. Wild in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Earle Williams Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Search for other papers by Earle Williams in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Takmeng Wong NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Search for other papers by Takmeng Wong in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
R. I. Woolway School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales

Search for other papers by R. I. Woolway in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Xungang Yin NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina

Search for other papers by Xungang Yin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Ye Yuan TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany

Search for other papers by Ye Yuan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Lin Zhao School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

Search for other papers by Lin Zhao in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Xinjia Zhou Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA, College Park, Maryland

Search for other papers by Xinjia Zhou in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jerry R. Ziemke Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland; and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Search for other papers by Jerry R. Ziemke in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Markus Ziese Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany

Search for other papers by Markus Ziese in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
, and
Ruxandra M. Zotta TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Search for other papers by Ruxandra M. Zotta in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Online Publication:
07 Sep 2022
Print Publication:
01 Aug 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0092.1
Page(s):
S11–S142
Free access

Corresponding author: Robert Dunn / robert.dunn@metoffice.gov.uk

Corresponding author: Robert Dunn / robert.dunn@metoffice.gov.uk
Save
Cover Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 0 0 0
Full Text Views 3650 2763 320
PDF Downloads 3309 2360 243