1 George Mason University and Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, Virginia
| 2 Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York, and Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| 3 George Mason University and Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, Virginia