Engaging high school students in rescuing and digitizing data from historical observations in Italy: the citizen-science project Cli-DaRe@School

Veronica Manara Università degli Studi di Milano – Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Milan, Italy

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Michele Brunetti CNR - Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy

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Maria Carmen Beltrano Italian Association of Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Rovereto, Italy

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Giacomo Bertoldi Eurac Research – Institute for Alpine Environment, Bolzano, Italy

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Yuri Brugnara University of Bern – Institute of Geography, Bern, Switzerland

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Daniele Cat Berro Italian Meteorological Society, Moncalieri (TO), Italy

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Alessandro Ceppi Politecnico di Milano - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Milan, Italy

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Alice Crespi Eurac Research – Center for Climate Change and Transformation, Bolzano, Italy

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Federico Mattia Stefanini Università degli Studi di Milano – Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Milan, Italy

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Francesco Sudati Università degli Studi di Milano – Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Milan, Italy

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Dino Zardi University of Trento – Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), Trento, Italy
University of Trento – Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), Trento, Italy

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Maurizio Maugeri Università degli Studi di Milano – Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Milan, Italy
CNR - Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy

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Open access

Abstract

Cli-DaRe@School is a citizen-science project, started in spring 2022, whose main goal is to make a remarkable step forward toward the digitization of the huge heritage of historical Italian meteorological observations. These are still largely unexploited, as many records are only available on paper or as scanned images. In the first year the project focused on four comprehensive monographs including about 6000 records of monthly temperature and precipitation data. A team of 334 students from 10 different high schools in Italy was engaged. Each school was assigned pdf files containing the scanned pages to digitize, along with spreadsheet templates for data entry, and related tutorials. The person-hours dedicated to data digitization were about 4000, making about 4000 pages digitized. Students had the opportunity to join a training program consisting of seminars to delve into various aspects of climate change and meteorology, and specific activities aimed to make them aware of the potentialities of the recovered data. Cli-DaRe@School is an important twofold initiative: it demonstrated the potentialities of high school students in providing an enormous contribution to past meteorological data rescue, and proved to be of great educational value, offering young students an easy hands-on experience with climate data and making them more conscious of how science investigates past climatic trends. Therefore, we decided to continue with this experience and to make Cli-DaRe@School a permanent project to be offered to schools every year.

© 2025 American Meteorological Society. This is an Author Accepted Manuscript distributed under the terms of the default AMS reuse license. For information regarding reuse and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Michele Brunetti, m.brunetti@isac.cnr.it

Abstract

Cli-DaRe@School is a citizen-science project, started in spring 2022, whose main goal is to make a remarkable step forward toward the digitization of the huge heritage of historical Italian meteorological observations. These are still largely unexploited, as many records are only available on paper or as scanned images. In the first year the project focused on four comprehensive monographs including about 6000 records of monthly temperature and precipitation data. A team of 334 students from 10 different high schools in Italy was engaged. Each school was assigned pdf files containing the scanned pages to digitize, along with spreadsheet templates for data entry, and related tutorials. The person-hours dedicated to data digitization were about 4000, making about 4000 pages digitized. Students had the opportunity to join a training program consisting of seminars to delve into various aspects of climate change and meteorology, and specific activities aimed to make them aware of the potentialities of the recovered data. Cli-DaRe@School is an important twofold initiative: it demonstrated the potentialities of high school students in providing an enormous contribution to past meteorological data rescue, and proved to be of great educational value, offering young students an easy hands-on experience with climate data and making them more conscious of how science investigates past climatic trends. Therefore, we decided to continue with this experience and to make Cli-DaRe@School a permanent project to be offered to schools every year.

© 2025 American Meteorological Society. This is an Author Accepted Manuscript distributed under the terms of the default AMS reuse license. For information regarding reuse and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).

Corresponding author: Michele Brunetti, m.brunetti@isac.cnr.it
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