- Abstract
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The 1919–39 era (Era 1)—The age of maps and graphical methods using advection
- 3. The 1939–56 era (Era 2)—The age of aviation
- 4. The 1956–85 era (Era 3)—Forecasting with a mix of maps, graphics, and NWP
- 5. 1985–2018 (Era 4)—The modern era
- a. State of forecasting
- b. Observations used for forecasting
- c. Science understanding enabling forecasting
- d. Community of forecast providers
- e. Forecasting applications
- f. Numerical weather prediction
- g. Innovative computational grids
- h. Parameterizations of subgrid-scale processes
- i. Data assimilation
- j. Ensemble prediction systems
- k. Increasing forecast skill
- l. Reanalyses
- m. Regional models
- n. Higher-resolution and coupled data assimilation
- o. Relation to climate models
- p. Coupled modeling: NWP toward NEWP
- q. Computing and technology
- r. Communication and forecast comprehension by public
- 6. The future of forecasting
- Acknowledgments
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